HSK 3.0 · Updated for 2026
HSK 3 Grammar Points 2026: Complete List (100+ Points)
HSK 3 is the most grammar-intensive level in the lower half of the scale. It introduces the two most notorious Mandarin structures — the 把 sentence and 被 passive — plus potential complements, 9 complex sentence patterns, and a full library of modal expressions. This is the official complete list for the 2026 syllabus.
⚠️ Grammar Trap: Many students study 把 and 被 in isolation and never learn the full complement system. All three — potential complements, directional complements (extended use), and degree complements — appear on the HSK 3 exam in context.
HSK 3 Grammar Points 2026 — Image
100+
Total Grammar Points
~50
New at L3
9
Complex Sentence Types
5
Complement Types
Word Classes (词类)
Prefixes & Suffixes
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 老— | 老师、老板、老鼠 | Prefix 老— for people, animals, and familiar terms |
| —家 | 科学家、艺术家、音乐家 | Suffix for experts/specialists in a field |
| —子 | 椅子、桌子、帽子 | Suffix for concrete objects (noun-forming) |
| —员 | 运动员、服务员、演员 | Suffix for personnel and members |
Direction Nouns (方位名词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 东、南、西、北 | 向东走 / 在南方 | Cardinal directions as nouns and in phrases |
| 东方、西方、南方、北方 | 东方文化 / 来自北方 | Directional regions (East, West, South, North) |
| 中间 | 坐在中间 / 在两棵树中间 | Between; in the middle |
Modal Verbs (能愿动词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 需要 | 我需要帮助。 | Need; require |
| 该 | 你该睡觉了。 | Should; ought to (often used with 了) |
| 应该 | 你应该多运动。 | Should; ought to (general advice) |
| 愿意 | 我愿意帮你。 | Be willing to; wish to |
| 得 (děi) | 明天得早起。 | Must; have to (colloquial obligation) |
Separable Verbs (离合词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| VO-type: 放假 / 见面 / 结婚 / 洗澡 | 放了三天假 / 见了个面 | Object can be inserted between V and O |
| VC-type: 离开 / 完成 / 分开 | 离开了 / 完成任务 | Verb-complement compounds (not truly separable but often confused) |
Interrogative Pronouns — Non-Question Uses (疑问代词非疑问用法)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 任指用法①: 疑问代词+都 | 谁都可以来。/ 哪儿都好玩。 | Every/any: whoever, wherever, anything |
| 任指用法②: 疑问代词+疑问代词 | 你喜欢什么就买什么。 | Whatever you like (parallel structure) |
| 不定指用法 | 我想吃点儿什么。/ 有人来了。 | Indefinite reference: something, someone |
Pronouns (代词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 别人 | 不要管别人的事。 | Other people; others; someone else |
| 咱们 | 咱们一起去吧。 | We/us — includes both speaker and listener (vs 我们 which may exclude) |
| 别的 / 其他 | 还有别的问题吗？/ 其他人呢？ | Other (things/people) |
| 怎样 | 你觉得怎样？/ 怎样学好中文？ | How; in what way; how is it |
Measure Words (量词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Noun measure words (专用): 把/双/张/种/层/封/页/辆/节/所/班/段/头/句 | 一把刀 / 两双鞋 / 一层楼 | Specialized measure words for objects, vehicles, buildings |
| Borrowed: 碗/盘 | 一碗米饭 / 两盘菜 | Containers used as measure words |
| Verb measures: 口/回/遍/声 | 喝了一口水 / 说了一声 | Measure words for actions |
| Measure word reduplication: 个个/张张 | 个个都很好 | Every single one (emphatic) |
| Quantity reduplication: 数词+量词+数词+量词 | 一天一天地长大 | Day by day; one by one (incremental change) |
Adverbs (副词)
Degree Adverbs (程度副词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 比较 | 今天比较冷。 | Relatively; comparatively (milder than 很) |
| 还3 | 他还挺高兴的。 | Still; quite; rather (positive evaluation) |
| 更 | 今天比昨天更冷。 | Even more; still more (used in comparisons) |
| 特别 | 这里特别美。 | Especially; particularly; very |
| 挺 | 挺好的！ | Quite; pretty (colloquial, often + 的) |
| 有些 | 有些累了。 | Somewhat; a bit; rather |
| 越 | 天越来越冷了。 | More and more (used with 越来越) |
| 极 | 好极了！ | Extremely (used in 极了 pattern) |
Scope Adverbs (范围副词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 就3 / 一块儿 / 一共 / 只 / 到处 / 只是 | 一共五个 / 到处都是人 | Altogether; everywhere; only; just (limiting/total) |
Time Adverbs (时间副词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 才1 | 他才来。/ 才五点。 | Only just; as late as; not until |
| 马上 | 我马上就来。 | Right away; immediately; soon |
| 先 | 你先吃吧。 | First; before (in sequence) |
| 一会儿 | 等一会儿。/ 一会儿就好。 | In a moment; a little while |
| 刚 / 刚刚 | 他刚走。/ 我刚刚到。 | Just (moment ago) |
| 一直 | 一直等到八点。 | All along; continuously; straight |
Modal & Stance Adverbs (情态/语气副词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 大概 | 他大概不来了。 | Probably; approximately; roughly |
| 必须 | 你必须按时交作业。 | Must; have to (stronger than 应该) |
| 差不多 | 差不多好了。 | Almost; nearly; more or less |
| 一定 | 你一定能做到。 | Certainly; definitely; must |
| 好像 | 他好像生气了。 | It seems; as if; apparently |
| 几乎 | 几乎所有人都来了。 | Almost; nearly (before negative or near-100%) |
| 当然 | 当然可以。 | Of course; certainly; naturally |
| 其实 | 其实我不太喜欢。 | Actually; in fact; as a matter of fact |
| 终于 | 终于找到了！ | Finally; at last (after long wait/effort) |
| 才2 / 才3 / 就4 | 才两岁 / 说了就做 / 就是这样 | Only; as soon as; precisely (context-dependent meanings) |
Prepositions & Conjunctions (介词、连词)
Prepositions (介词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 为1 / 向1 / 关于 | 为大家服务 / 向老师请教 / 关于这件事 | For; toward; regarding/about (introducing object) |
| 向2 | 向东走 / 向前看 | Toward; in the direction of |
| 为了 / 为2 | 为了学好中文 / 为什么 | In order to; for the sake of; because of (purposive/causal) |
| 把 | 把作业做完 / 把钱放好 | Disposal: moves object before verb (marks object as affected) |
| 被 | 被老师批评了 / 被雨淋湿了 | Passive marker: subject receives the action |
| 根据 | 根据天气预报 / 根据规定 | According to; based on; in accordance with |
Conjunctions (连词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 或 / 或者 | 你或者他来 / 喝茶或咖啡 | Or; either...or (alternative choices) |
| 只有 | 只有努力，才能成功。 | Only if/when (necessary condition for result) |
| 只要 | 只要努力，就能成功。 | As long as (sufficient condition for result) |
| 不但 / 而且 | 不但聪明，而且努力。 | Not only...but also (progressive addition) |
| 如果 / 就 | 如果下雨，就不去了。 | If...then (conditional) |
| 可 / 可是 / 然后 | 想去，可是没时间 / 先写，然后读 | But; however; then/afterward |
Particle (助词)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 的话 | 如果你来的话，给我打电话。 | If (softens conditional clauses; often paired with 如果) |
Complements (补语)
Resultative Complements 2 (结果补语2)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| V + 到 | 找到了 / 做到了 / 看到了 | Reach a point; achieve a result; find |
| V + 住 | 记住 / 抓住 / 站住 | Firmly; successfully hold/remember/stop |
| V + 走 | 拿走 / 带走 / 送走 | Take away; carry away |
| V + 上 | 爱上 / 穿上 / 关上 | Successfully put on; fall into; close up |
Directional Complements — Extended Meanings (趋向补语2引申义)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| V + 出/起/下 (result meaning) | 想出办法 / 爱上了 / 写下名字 | Produce a result: think up, fall in love, write down |
| V + 上/起来 (action starts) | 唱起来了 / 笑起来了 | Starting to do: burst into singing/laughing |
| V + 下去/下来 (action continues) | 说下去 / 坚持下来 | Continue doing; persist; keep going |
Potential Complements (可能补语1)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| V + 得/不 + V/Adj | 看得见/看不见 / 做得完/做不完 | Can/cannot: whether it is possible to achieve the result |
| Common patterns | 听得懂/听不懂 / 吃得了/吃不了 / 进得去/进不去 | Understand; finish eating; get in (possibility) |
Degree Complements (程度补语1)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Adj + 得很 | 高兴得很 / 累得很 | Very (adjective); 很 emphasizes degree |
| Adj/V + 极了 | 好极了！/ 累极了！ | Extremely; to the extreme (enthusiastic) |
| Adj/V + 坏了 | 高兴坏了！/ 急坏了！ | Extremely (often emotional — overjoyed, frantic) |
Quantity Complements 3 (数量补语3)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Time elapsed since action ended | 他来了三天了。/ 毕业三年了。 | Duration since a completed event: has been X time since... |
Special Sentence Patterns (特殊句型)
把 Sentence (把字句1)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern 1: Subject + 把 + Object + V + 在/到 + Place | 他把书放在桌子上。 | Dispose of object to a location |
| Pattern 2: Subject + 把 + Object1 + V (+给) + Object2 | 请把这本书给他。 | Transfer object to recipient |
| Pattern 3: Subject + 把 + Object + V + Result/Direction/State Complement | 她把作业做完了。/ 我把碗打破了。 | Object undergoes resultant change |
被 Passive Sentence (被动句1)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern 1: Subject + 被 + Agent + V + Other | 我的钱包被人偷走了。 | Full passive: agent is named |
| Pattern 2: Subject + 被 + V + Other | 那个计划被取消了。 | Agentless passive: agent is omitted |
Comparison Sentences (比较句2)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| A + 比 + B + 更/还 + Adj | 今天比昨天更冷。 | A is even more adj than B |
| A + 跟/和 + B + 一样 | 我跟你一样高。 | A is the same as B |
| A + 跟/和 + B + 不一样 + Adj | 这件跟那件不一样贵。 | A is not as adj as B |
| A + 不比 + B + Adj | 我不比他差。 | A is not worse than B (often implies equal or better) |
| A + 比 + B + 多/少/早/晚 + V + Quantity | 他比我早来了一个小时。 | A does V by an amount more/earlier than B |
存现句3 (Appearance/Disappearance)
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance: Place + V + Direction + 了 + Quantity + Person/Thing | 门口走进来了两个人。 | Appearance at a location |
| Disappearance: Place + V + Result + 了 + Quantity + Person/Thing | 树上掉下来了几片叶子。 | Something disappears from a location |
Other Special Sentences
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 连动句2: V1 + 着 + V2 (simultaneous) | 他笑着说话。/ 她哭着跑出去了。 | 着 connects two simultaneous actions |
| 重动句: Subject + V + Object + V + Complement | 这道题我做了三遍还是没做对。 | Same verb repeated with object + result |
| 是……的句2 (speaker's attitude) | 他是真的很努力的。 | Emphatic: stresses the speaker's judgment/attitude |
| 反问句1: 不是……吗？ | 这不是很好吗？ | Rhetorical question for emphasis (of course it is) |
Complex Sentence Patterns (复句)
Nine Complex Sentence Types
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Sequential (承接): 先……，再/然后…… | 先做作业，然后看电视。 | First...then (time sequence) |
| Alternative (选择): 或者……，或者…… | 你或者今天去，或者明天去。 | Either...or (two alternatives) |
| Parallel (并列): 一会儿……一会儿 / 又……又 / 一边……一边 | 一边吃饭，一边看电视。 | Simultaneously; alternating |
| Progressive (递进): 不但……，而且…… | 不但聪明，而且努力。 | Not only...but also |
| Concessive (转折): 虽然……，可是…… | 虽然很累，可是很高兴。 | Although...but (NOTE: 可是 at L3; 但是 at L2) |
| Conditional (假设): 如果……，就…… | 如果下雨，我就不去了。 | If...then (hypothetical) |
| Conditional: ……的话，就…… | 你来的话，就通知我。 | If (soft conditional with 的话) |
| Conditional (条件): 只有……，才…… | 只有努力，才能成功。 | Only if/when (necessary condition) |
| Conditional (条件): 只要……，就…… | 只要努力，就能成功。 | As long as (sufficient condition) |
| Purposive (目的): 为了……，…… | 为了健康，每天运动。 | In order to; for the purpose of |
| Contracted (紧缩): ……了……（就）…… | 下了课就走。/ 吃了饭再说。 | Once X happens, (then) Y |
Fixed Patterns & Expressions (固定格式)
Key Fixed Patterns
| Grammar Point | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 越来越 + Adj/V | 天气越来越热了。 | More and more; increasingly |
| 越……越…… | 越学越有意思。 | The more...the more |
| 除了……（以外），……还/也/都…… | 除了中文，他还会日语。 | In addition to / Apart from / Besides |
| 从……起 | 从明天起，不迟到了。 | Starting from (a time point) |
| 对……来说 | 对我来说，这很难。 | For (someone); from the perspective of |
| 一……也/都+不/没…… | 一点儿也不累。/ 一个人都没来。 | Not even a little; not a single one |
| 在……以前/以后/前/后 | 在上课以前，请预习。 | Before / after (a time or event) |
| 在……上/下/中 | 在工作中 / 在老师的帮助下 | In the context of; under (conditions); during |
| 不A不B | 不大不小 / 不快不慢 | Neither A nor B; just right (four-character idiom pattern) |
| 该……了 | 该吃饭了。/ 该你了。 | It is time to; your turn to |
| X什么（啊） | 哭什么啊！/ 着急什么！ | Why V? (rhetorical: stop doing X; there is no reason to) |
| 看来 / 在……看来 / 看起来 / 看上去 | 看来他不来了。/ 在我看来很好。 | It seems; apparently; in my opinion; look like |
| 一般来说 | 一般来说，他不迟到。 | Generally speaking; in general |
| 不怎么样 | 这个菜做得不怎么样。 | Not very good; so-so; nothing special |
Common Grammar Traps
⚠️ 把 sentence with intransitive verbs
❌ 我把书来了。
✓ 我把书带来了。
把 requires a verb with a result or direction complement. Simple intransitive verbs cannot be used.
⚠️ 被 sentence without an additional element
❌ 我被偷了。
✓ 我的钱包被人偷走了。
被 sentences require more than just V — add a result complement, direction complement, or 了.
⚠️ Confusing 虽然...但是 (L2) with 虽然...可是 (L3)
❌ (Both are acceptable, but L3 tests 可是)
✓ 虽然很累，可是很开心。
HSK 3 introduces 可是 as the new concessive connector alongside 但是.
⚠️ 只有 vs 只要 (both mean conditions but opposite logic)
❌ 只要有钱才能买。(mixing patterns)
✓ 只有有钱，才能买。/ 只要努力，就能成功。
只有...才 = necessary condition (must have X). 只要...就 = sufficient condition (X is enough).
⚠️ Potential complements vs 可以/能
❌ 我不可以看见他。(unnatural for ability)
✓ 我看不见他。/ 我能看见他。
Potential complements 看得见/看不见 express whether the result is achievable, not permission.
📚 Source
All grammar points are sourced from the official HSK 3.0 syllabus (December 2025), pages 392–394. The new standard takes effect July 2026.
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